【初中定语从句的讲解与练习】在初中英语学习中，定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。它用于修饰名词或代词，使句子更加丰富和具体。掌握定语从句有助于提高学生的阅读理解能力和写作水平。
一、定语从句的基本概念
定语从句是指在句子中作定语的从句，通常由关系代词（如 who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如 when, where, why）引导。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
结构：
主句 + 关系词 + 从句
例如：
The book that is on the table is mine.
（那本书是我在桌子上。）
二、常见关系词及其用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
| who | 指人，在从句中作主语 | The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister. |
| whom | 指人，在从句中作宾语 | The man whom you met yesterday is a doctor. |
| whose | 表示所属关系，指人或物 | The student whose homework is not finished is late. |
| which | 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car which is red is hers. |
| that | 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The person that called me is my teacher. |
| when | 表时间，在从句中作时间状语 | I still remember the day when we met. |
| where | 表地点，在从句中作地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. |
| why | 表原因，在从句中作原因状语 | That’s the reason why he left. |
三、定语从句的注意事项
1. 不能省略关系词的情况：
- 当关系词在从句中作宾语时，有时可以省略（尤其在口语中），但正式写作中应保留。
- 例：The book (that) I read is interesting.（可省略）
2. that 与 which 的区别：
- 在非限制性定语从句中只能用 which，不能用 that。
- 例：My brother, who is a doctor, lives in Shanghai.
3. 关系词的使用要根据先行词来判断：
- 先行词是人时，用 who/whom/whose；
- 先行词是物时，用 which/that；
- 先行词是时间、地点或原因时，用 when/where/why。
四、练习题（附答案）
| 题号 | 题目 | 答案 |
| 1 | The man ___ is standing there is my uncle. | who / that |
| 2 | The book ___ I bought yesterday is very interesting. | that / which |
| 3 | The girl ___ won the prize is my classmate. | who / that |
| 4 | The city ___ I was born is very beautiful. | where |
| 5 | The reason ___ he was late is unknown. | why |
| 6 | The students ___ passed the exam are happy. | who / that |
| 7 | The house ___ we live is very old. | where |
| 8 | The woman ___ you met is my mother. | whom / that |
| 9 | The time ___ we arrived was early. | when |
| 10 | The car ___ is parked outside is mine. | that / which |
五、总结
定语从句是英语中非常实用的语法结构，能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思。通过理解关系词的用法、掌握常见的句型结构，并结合大量练习，学生可以逐步提高对定语从句的掌握程度。希望本文能为初学者提供清晰的指导和实用的学习资料。
